{"id":4222,"date":"2026-05-28T11:06:14","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T11:06:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/?p=4222"},"modified":"2026-05-28T11:06:14","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T11:06:14","slug":"reforma-territoriale-efikasitet-apo-instrument-politik-nje-analize-krahasuese-shqiperi-danimarke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/reforma-territoriale-efikasitet-apo-instrument-politik-nje-analize-krahasuese-shqiperi-danimarke\/","title":{"rendered":"Reforma territoriale: Efikasitet apo instrument politik? Nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb krahasuese Shqip\u00ebri\u2013Danimark\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><b>Nga Blerim Vakaj<\/b><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kur flasim p\u00ebr reform\u00ebn administrativo-territoriale duhet t\u00eb kemi parasysh se po flasim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb reform\u00eb q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb sjell\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebrfitime p\u00ebr vendin, m\u00eb shum\u00eb avantazhe, zhvillim t\u00eb demokracis\u00eb dhe rritje t\u00eb produktivitetit n\u00eb qeverisje. Ndryshe nga qasja e zakonshme n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb, ku reformat administrativo-territoriale shpesh shihen si instrumente p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfitime politike apo zgjedhore.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u00ebrvojat europiane t\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb vendesh tregojn\u00eb se vendet \u201ce vjetra\u201d t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt, kan\u00eb ndjekur reforma konsoliduese p\u00ebr arsye t\u00eb efikasitetit ekonomik, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn Lindore, pas viteve \u201990, u vu re nj\u00eb prirje drejt fragmentimit, si reagim ndaj centralizimit t\u00eb periudh\u00ebs komuniste dhe si shprehje e k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb demokraci lokale. K\u00ebt\u00eb e kemi par\u00eb edhe n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb, ku pas vitit 1991, me kalimin n\u00eb sistemin pluralist, u krijua administrata vendore me bashki (zonat urbane) dhe komuna (zonat rurale), q\u00eb i p\u00ebrgjigjeshin realitetit t\u00eb krijuar dhe faktor\u00ebve ekonomik\u00eb e social\u00eb t\u00eb koh\u00ebs. Gjithashtu, u krijua nj\u00eb ndarje me num\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb madh nj\u00ebsish administrativo-territoriale. Kjo ndarje u konsolidua me ligjin p\u00ebr pushtetin vendor n\u00eb vitet 1990\u20132000 dhe funksionoi p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Por me reform\u00ebn e vitit 2014, e cila hyri n\u00eb fuqi n\u00eb vitin 2015, u shkrin\u00eb komunat, u reduktua numri i nj\u00ebsive vendore dhe u krijuan 61 bashki t\u00eb reja t\u00eb zgjeruara, nga m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 370 nj\u00ebsi t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme t\u00eb qeverisjes vendore.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Analiza e k\u00ebtyre t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ngre nj\u00eb pyetje thelb\u00ebsore: pse n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e hershme t\u00eb demokratizimit mbizot\u00ebroi decentralizimi, nd\u00ebrsa m\u00eb von\u00eb u nd\u00ebrmor nj\u00eb reform\u00eb q\u00eb rriti p\u00ebrqendrimin e qeverisjes vendore?<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb n\u00eb analiz\u00eb dhe n\u00eb propozimet p\u00ebr reform\u00ebn administrativo-territoriale, duhet theksuar se ajo duhet t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb disa parime dhe tregues kryesor\u00eb, si faktor\u00ebt ekonomik\u00eb, social\u00eb, politik\u00eb, demografik\u00eb, etnografik\u00eb, historik\u00eb dhe infrastrukturor\u00eb. Ndarja ose bashkimi i nj\u00ebsive vendore duhet t\u2019u p\u00ebrgjigjet k\u00ebtyre faktor\u00ebve, duke siguruar nj\u00eb balanc\u00eb t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb \u00e7do rast konkret. Q\u00ebllimi i reform\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb krijimi i nj\u00eb qeverisjeje m\u00eb demokratike, m\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb, me m\u00eb shum\u00eb pavar\u00ebsi dhe eficienc\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e burimeve ekonomike dhe buxhetore, si dhe rritja e kapaciteteve p\u00ebr vet\u00ebfinancim t\u00eb projekteve publike vendore.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00ebse duam t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb nj\u00eb nga rastet m\u00eb t\u00eb suksesshme n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, konsiderohet reforma territoriale e vitit 2007 n\u00eb Danimark\u00eb. Ajo konsistoi n\u00eb reduktimin e numrit t\u00eb komunave dhe krijimin e rajoneve m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha administrative, duke synuar p\u00ebrfitime nga ekonomia e shkall\u00ebs dhe specializimi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Karakteristikat kryesore t\u00eb reform\u00ebs daneze p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<li>transferim t\u00eb qart\u00eb kompetencash te nj\u00ebsit\u00eb vendore<\/li>\n<li>rritje t\u00eb kapacitetit profesional dhe administrativ<\/li>\n<li>koordinim t\u00eb fort\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet nivelit qendror dhe vendor<\/li>\n<li>fokus n\u00eb efikasitet dhe cil\u00ebsi sh\u00ebrbimi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ajo na tregon jo vet\u00ebm se si duhet nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb reform\u00eb, por edhe se si duhet t\u00eb nxitet dhe t\u00eb zbatohet ajo. Zbatimi i reform\u00ebs territoriale n\u00eb Danimark\u00eb filloi me nj\u00eb faz\u00eb t\u00eb bashkimeve \u201cvullnetare\u201d t\u00eb bashkive, ku u rekomandua nj\u00eb madh\u00ebsi optimale prej 30,000 banor\u00ebsh dhe nj\u00eb minimum i detyruesh\u00ebm prej 20,000. Bashkit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla u detyruan t\u00eb bashkoheshin ose t\u00eb hynin n\u00eb forma bashk\u00ebpunimi nd\u00ebrbashkiak. Procesi u shoq\u00ebrua me negociata intensive dhe deri n\u00eb vitin 2005 pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha bashkit\u00eb kishin gjetur zgjidhje, nd\u00ebrsa rastet e mbetura u trajtuan p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrhyrjes s\u00eb qeveris\u00eb dhe referendumeve lokale. Edhe pse formalisht vullnetar, procesi u mb\u00ebshtet nga stimuj dhe presion institucional, duke \u00e7uar n\u00eb krijimin e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb strukture t\u00eb re territoriale.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Paralelisht, qeveria p\u00ebrgatiti kuadrin e gjer\u00eb ligjor p\u00ebr zbatimin e reform\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 2007, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ndryshimet n\u00eb struktur\u00eb, kompetenca dhe financim.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb diskutohet p\u00ebr reform\u00ebn territoriale, por mungon nj\u00eb angazhim serioz konkret p\u00ebr bashkime vullnetare apo p\u00ebr zhvillimin e referendumeve. Diskutimet nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb hapura n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme as me grupet e interesit dhe as me studiues t\u00eb mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb, ku duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen specialist\u00eb t\u00eb fushave t\u00eb ndryshme q\u00eb preken nga kjo reform\u00eb, si jurist\u00eb, ekonomist\u00eb, punonj\u00ebs social\u00eb, historian\u00eb dhe etnograf\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb krahasuese midis Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb dhe Danimark\u00ebs nxjerr n\u00eb pah nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb dallimesh thelb\u00ebsore strukturore, institucionale dhe funksionale.:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u00eb pari, n\u00eb aspektin e kapacitetit institucional, Danimarka kishte nj\u00eb administrat\u00eb t\u00eb konsoliduar p\u00ebrpara reform\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa Shqip\u00ebria u p\u00ebrball me dob\u00ebsi strukturore q\u00eb e kufizuan efektivitetin e saj.<\/li>\n<li>S\u00eb dyti, n\u00eb lidhje me autonomin\u00eb financiare, nj\u00ebsit\u00eb vendore n\u00eb Danimark\u00eb kan\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb pavar\u00ebsie fiskale, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri var\u00ebsia nga buxheti qendror mbetet e lart\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li>S\u00eb treti, p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket perceptimit publik, reforma daneze u pranua si nj\u00eb mjet p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e sh\u00ebrbimeve, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri perceptimi mbetet si reform me prapaskenw elektorale.<\/li>\n<li>S\u00eb kat\u00ebrti, procesi i zbatimit n\u00eb Danimark\u00eb ishte i mir\u00ebstrukturuar dhe i mb\u00ebshtetur nga konsensus politik relative dhe integrimi I vendimarrjes popullore, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri reforma ishte si nj\u00eb proces arbitrat politik<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Propozime q\u00eb nuk duhet t\u00eb mbeten n\u00eb harres\u00eb n\u00eb debatin mbi reform\u00ebn administrativo-territoriale<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Propozimet q\u00eb parashtrohen konsistojn\u00eb n\u00eb riorganizimin administrativo-territorial mbi baz\u00ebn e nj\u00eb fashe t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar demografike, duke marr\u00eb si referenc\u00eb modele t\u00eb suksesshme si rasti i Danimark\u00ebs. Nj\u00eb qasje e till\u00eb synon t\u00eb rris\u00eb funksionalitetin institucional dhe q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e kapaciteteve administrative n\u00eb nivel vendor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ndarja duhet t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetet gjithashtu n\u00eb kritere ekonomike, me q\u00ebllim garantimin e nj\u00eb balancimi t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb vet\u00ebfinancimit. Reforma nuk duhet t\u00eb ndjek\u00eb modelin e vitit 2014, i cili krijoi diferenca t\u00eb theksuara midis bashkive, ku disa disponojn\u00eb burime financiare t\u00eb krahasueshme me institucione qendrore, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjera funksionojn\u00eb me kapacitete t\u00eb kufizuara, t\u00eb ngjashme me ish-komunat. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim, reforma duhet t\u00eb synoj\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm rritjen e performanc\u00ebs institucionale, por edhe sigurimin e nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjeje m\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb burimeve financiare.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gjithashtu, ky riorganizim nuk duhet t\u00eb bazohet ekskluzivisht n\u00eb kritere numerike, edhe pse demografia mbetet nj\u00eb faktor ky\u00e7. Ndarja territoriale duhet t\u00eb harmonizohet me historikun e rajoneve, identitetin lokal dhe ve\u00e7orit\u00eb etnografike e kulturore, duke siguruar nj\u00eb ekuilib\u00ebr midis efikasitetit administrativ dhe kohezionit social-kulturor. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, reforma kontribuon nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht n\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e qeverisjes dhe n\u00eb ruajtjen e diversitetit kulturor dhe trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb historike t\u00eb rajoneve.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim, analiza krahasuese tregon se suksesi i reformave administrativo-territoriale nuk varet vet\u00ebm nga madh\u00ebsia e nj\u00ebsive vendore, por nga nd\u00ebrthurja e efikasitetit ekonomik, decentralizimit real dhe legjitimitetit demokratik. P\u00ebrvoja e vendeve t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e Danimark\u00ebs, d\u00ebshmon se reformat e q\u00ebndrueshme k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb konsensus t\u00eb gjer\u00eb politik dhe p\u00ebrfshirje aktive t\u00eb aktor\u00ebve lokal\u00eb n\u00eb procesin vendimmarr\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nga Blerim Vakaj &nbsp; Kur flasim p\u00ebr reform\u00ebn administrativo-territoriale duhet t\u00eb kemi parasysh se po flasim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb reform\u00eb q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb sjell\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebrfitime p\u00ebr vendin, m\u00eb shum\u00eb avantazhe, zhvillim t\u00eb demokracis\u00eb dhe rritje t\u00eb produktivitetit n\u00eb qeverisje. Ndryshe nga qasja e zakonshme n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb, ku reformat administrativo-territoriale shpesh shihen si instrumente [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4223,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4222","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politike"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4222","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4222"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4222\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4225,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4222\/revisions\/4225"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4223"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4222"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4222"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4222"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}