{"id":4204,"date":"2026-03-04T06:45:26","date_gmt":"2026-03-04T06:45:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/?p=4204"},"modified":"2026-03-04T06:46:23","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T06:46:23","slug":"nje-vote-nje-premtim-mesime-nga-estonia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/nje-vote-nje-premtim-mesime-nga-estonia\/","title":{"rendered":"Nj\u00eb vot\u00eb, nj\u00eb premtim: m\u00ebsime nga Estonia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><b>Nga Bahrie Mehmetaj<\/b><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kam l\u00ebn\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb me nj\u00eb valixhe t\u00eb mbushur me frik\u00eb dhe disa foto p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos harruar kurr\u00eb, duke l\u00ebn\u00eb emrin tim t\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb tok\u00ebn ku kisha m\u00ebsuar t\u00eb ecja. N\u00ebna ime duke qar\u00eb me z\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, babai duke pretenduar forc\u00eb dhe besim, dhe un\u00eb duke u nisur me nj\u00eb premtim t\u00eb fsheht\u00eb: \u201cDo t\u00eb kthehem nj\u00eb dit\u00eb.\u201d Nuk dija kur, nuk dija pse, por e dija se nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e imja do t\u00eb mbetej aty, duke m\u00eb pritur dhe duke m\u00eb kujtuar kush isha dhe \u00e7far\u00eb doja t\u00eb b\u00ebja.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ky reflektim personal nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht emocional; ai lidhet drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn sesi qytetari lidhet me shtetin dhe me p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimin politik. Vota nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb procedur\u00eb, por nj\u00eb akt besimi. Kur sistemi zgjedhor nuk e p\u00ebrkthen qart\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb akt n\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsim, krijohet distanc\u00eb, mosbesim dhe t\u00ebrheqje qytetare. Pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, analiza e modeleve zgjedhore funksionale n\u00eb republika parlamentare per\u00ebndimore \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore p\u00ebr \u00e7do diskutim serioz mbi reform\u00ebn zgjedhore dhe territoriale n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb rast studimi i vlefsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb Estonia\u00a0; nj\u00eb republik\u00eb parlamentare me sistem proporcional t\u00eb strukturuar, me rregulla t\u00eb qarta matematikore dhe me mekanizma korrigjues q\u00eb synojn\u00eb t\u00eb mbrojn\u00eb barazin\u00eb e vot\u00ebs. Parlamenti estonez ka 101 deputet\u00eb dhe zgjidhet p\u00ebrmes zonave shum\u00ebmandat\u00ebshe. \u00c7do parti paraqet lista kandidat\u00ebsh, por ndryshe nga modeli klasik i listave t\u00eb mbyllura, votuesi zgjedh drejtp\u00ebrdrejt kandidatin. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se vota ka dy dimensione nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht: forcon partin\u00eb dhe mat mb\u00ebshtetjen personale t\u00eb kandidatit.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Procesi i shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb mandateve n\u00eb Estoni \u00ebsht\u00eb i nd\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb disa faza p\u00ebr t\u00eb minimizuar deformimin proporcional. Fillimisht llogaritet kuota zgjedhore n\u00eb \u00e7do zon\u00eb. Kandidat\u00ebt q\u00eb e kalojn\u00eb personalisht k\u00ebt\u00eb kuot\u00eb fitojn\u00eb mandat direkt. Mandatet e mbetura ndahen mes partive sipas totalit t\u00eb votave n\u00eb zon\u00eb, dhe n\u00eb fund p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb nivel komb\u00ebtar kompensues p\u00ebr t\u00eb balancuar p\u00ebrqindjen p\u00ebrfundimtare me vot\u00ebn komb\u00ebtare. Ky mekaniz\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsor nga pik\u00ebpamja matematikore sepse ul diferenc\u00ebn midis p\u00ebrqindjes s\u00eb vot\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebrqindjes s\u00eb mandateve, nj\u00eb tregues ky\u00e7 i drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb zgjedhore.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb element tjet\u00ebr strukturor \u00ebsht\u00eb pragu komb\u00ebtar 5%. Ky prag nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht filt\u00ebr politik, por instrument stabiliteti institucional. Ai siguron q\u00eb n\u00eb parlament t\u00eb hyjn\u00eb vet\u00ebm forca me mb\u00ebshtetje minimale reale, duke shmangur fragmentimin ekstrem dhe koalicionet artificiale t\u00eb paq\u00ebndrueshme. Pra sistemi estonez nd\u00ebrton nj\u00eb ekuilib\u00ebr midis p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit t\u00eb gjer\u00eb dhe funksionalitetit qeveris\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kur kalojm\u00eb tek Shqip\u00ebria, arkitektura \u00ebsht\u00eb formalisht proporcionale, por listat jan\u00eb kryesisht t\u00eb mbyllura dhe qytetari ka m\u00eb pak ndikim mbi renditjen e kandidat\u00ebve.\u00a0 Parlamenti prej 140 deputet\u00ebsh zgjidhet n\u00eb 12 qarqe. Mandatet ndahen proporcionalisht brenda qarkut, jo n\u00eb nivel komb\u00ebtar, \u00e7ka krijon devijime statistikore. Qarqet me pak mandate rrisin pragun efektiv t\u00eb hyrjes dhe favorizojn\u00eb partit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha. Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje perceptimi, por efekt i njohur n\u00eb teorin\u00eb e sistemeve zgjedhore: sa m\u00eb e vog\u00ebl madh\u00ebsia e zon\u00ebs, aq m\u00eb i dob\u00ebt proporcionaliteti real.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, struktura e listave ka qen\u00eb historikisht e mbyllur ose gjysm\u00eb-e-hapur, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb partis\u00eb kontrollin mbi renditjen fituese. Edhe kur ekziston vota preferenciale, pragu p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar renditjen \u00ebsht\u00eb i lart\u00eb dhe numri i mandateve t\u00eb ndikuara realisht nga preferenca mbetet i kufizuar. Kjo prodhon nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie vertikale parti-deputet dhe nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb dob\u00ebt votues-deputet. Nga pik\u00ebpamja e llogaridh\u00ebnies, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb problem struktural.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nga ky krahasim dalin disa drejtime reforme q\u00eb mund t\u2019i sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb debatit shqiptar. Hapja reale e listave do t\u00eb krijonte konkurrenc\u00eb brenda partive dhe do ta zhvendoste fokusin tek cil\u00ebsia e kandidatit. Nj\u00eb vot\u00eb preferenciale m\u00ea e fuqishme do t\u00eb lejonte qytetarin te zgjedh\u00eb kandidatin e tij brenda list\u00ebs s\u00eb partis\u00eb, duke e lidhur m\u00eb drejtperdrejt\u00eb rezultatin e zgjedhjeve me vullnetin individual t\u00eb votuesit dhe duke rritur p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb e deputetit.\u00a0 Nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm kompensues komb\u00ebtar do t\u00eb ulte pabarazin\u00eb q\u00eb krijohet nga ndarja aktuale territoriale e mandateve. Rishikimi periodik i shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb mandateve sipas popullsis\u00eb reale do t\u00eb forconte barazin\u00eb e vot\u00ebs mes qarqeve. K\u00ebto nuk jan\u00eb transplantime mekanike modeli, por adaptime logjike t\u00eb provuara n\u00eb praktik\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Reforma zgjedhore nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht \u00e7\u00ebshtje formule, por arkitektur\u00eb besimi. Kur rregulli matematik \u00ebsht\u00eb i drejt\u00eb dhe i kuptuesh\u00ebm, legjitimiteti politik rritet. Dhe kur legjitimiteti rritet, qytetari nuk voton thjesht p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb, ai voton sepse e di q\u00eb num\u00ebrohet.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb fund \u00e7do vot\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb premtim, nj\u00eb mjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndikuar n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen e nj\u00eb vendi. Demokracia nuk thyhet nga humbja, por nga ndjenja se z\u00ebri yt nuk d\u00ebgjohet. Kur vota num\u00ebrohet drejt, qytetari rikthehet ne qend\u00ebr t\u00eb sistemit dhe aty fillon demokracia e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nga Bahrie Mehmetaj &nbsp; Kam l\u00ebn\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb me nj\u00eb valixhe t\u00eb mbushur me frik\u00eb dhe disa foto p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos harruar kurr\u00eb, duke l\u00ebn\u00eb emrin tim t\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb tok\u00ebn ku kisha m\u00ebsuar t\u00eb ecja. N\u00ebna ime duke qar\u00eb me z\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, babai duke pretenduar forc\u00eb dhe besim, dhe un\u00eb duke u nisur me [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4200,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politike"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4204","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4204"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4204\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4209,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4204\/revisions\/4209"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4200"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}