{"id":4169,"date":"2026-02-14T12:00:21","date_gmt":"2026-02-14T12:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/?p=4169"},"modified":"2026-02-14T12:21:12","modified_gmt":"2026-02-14T12:21:12","slug":"kodi-zgjedhor-italian-dhe-ai-shqiptar-perkufizimet-te-perbashketat-dhe-dallimet-midis-te-dyjave","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/kodi-zgjedhor-italian-dhe-ai-shqiptar-perkufizimet-te-perbashketat-dhe-dallimet-midis-te-dyjave\/","title":{"rendered":"Kodi zgjedhor italian dhe ai shqiptar : P\u00ebrkufizimet, t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebtat dhe dallimet midis t\u00eb dyjave"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><b>Nga Alvi Musaraj<\/b><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim profesional-ligjor, po jap nj\u00eb krahasim t\u00eb Kodit Zgjedhor n\u00eb Itali me kodin aktual t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, duke u fokusuar n\u00eb llojin e sistemit zgjedhor, p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e listave, t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e p\u00ebrzgjedhjes dhe m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e ndarjes s\u00eb mandateve.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. P\u00ebrkufizimi i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i sistemeve n\u00eb Itali vs Shqip\u00ebri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb Itali sistemi quhet <strong>Rosatellum<\/strong>, zyrtarisht n\u00eb fuqi q\u00eb nga 3 n\u00ebntor 2017. Italia p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb p\u00ebrzier zgjedhor p\u00ebr Parlamentin e Republik\u00ebs, i njohur me emrin Rosatellum (Ligji nr. 165\/2017), q\u00eb kombinon elemente mazhoritare (first-past-the-post\/FPTP) dhe proporcionalitetin n\u00eb nj\u00eb raund t\u00eb vet\u00ebm votimi. Rreth 37% e vendeve n\u00eb t\u00eb dyja dhomat (Dhoma e Deputet\u00ebve dhe Senati) zgjidhen me sistem uninominal (zon\u00eb zgjedhore me nj\u00eb kandidat t\u00eb vet\u00ebm fitues), ku fiton kandidati me votat m\u00eb t\u00eb shumta n\u00eb nj\u00eb qark, nd\u00ebrsa pjesa tjet\u00ebr (rreth 63%) ndahet proporcionalisht bazuar n\u00eb listat e partive. Sistemi gjithashtu vendos pragje specifike p\u00ebr partit\u00eb (p.sh. 3% p\u00ebr partit\u00eb e vetme, nd\u00ebrsa 10% p\u00ebr koalicionet) dhe lejon koalicionet vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrpara zgjedhjeve.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri sistemi i fundit i miratuar i p\u00ebrket vitit 2024. Kodi Zgjedhor i Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem proporcional me lista, por q\u00eb ka p\u00ebsuar ndryshime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme s\u00eb fundmi, ku p\u00ebrfshihen:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Votimi i diaspor\u00ebs, pra shqiptar\u00ebt jasht\u00eb vendit tani mund t\u00eb ushtrojn\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e vot\u00ebs bazuar n\u00eb amendamentet e fundit.<\/li>\n<li>Listat zgjedhore jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrziera: 1\/3 e list\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb e mbyllur, e vendosur nga partia, dhe 2\/3 e list\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb e hapur p\u00ebr vot\u00eb preferenciale nga zgjedh\u00ebsit. Ky kombinim i list\u00ebs s\u00eb mbyllur me at\u00eb t\u00eb hapur synon t\u00eb rris\u00eb transparenc\u00ebn dhe llogaridh\u00ebnien ndaj votuesve<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. M\u00ebnyra e p\u00ebrzgjedhjes s\u00eb kandidat\u00ebve dhe ndarja e mandateve<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb Itali votuesit votojn\u00eb nj\u00eb her\u00eb, dhe vota num\u00ebrohet n\u00eb dy m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn flet\u00eb: p\u00ebr kandidatin uninominal dhe p\u00ebr list\u00ebn proporcionale t\u00eb partis\u00eb. Pjesa mazhoritare (FPTP) i jep nj\u00eb rol vendimtar kandidat\u00ebve lokal\u00eb; fituesi merr mandatin drejtp\u00ebrdrejt. Pjesa proporcionale ndan vendet n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrqindjes s\u00eb votave t\u00eb fituara nga partit\u00eb e lidhura me kandidat\u00ebt n\u00eb listat e tyre. Sistemi inkurajon formimin e koalicioneve para zgjedhjeve, por shpesh rezulton me parlament t\u00eb fragmentuar, pa shumic\u00eb absolute t\u00eb qart\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri mandatet ndahen n\u00eb listat e partive bazuar n\u00eb proporcionalitet me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje t\u00eb vot\u00ebs preferenciale (2\/3) dhe renditjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar nga partia p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb list\u00ebs (1\/3). Lista e hapur u jep zgjedh\u00ebsve m\u00eb shum\u00eb ndikim n\u00eb renditjen e kandidat\u00ebve, por lista e mbyllur siguron nj\u00eb rol vendimtar t\u00eb partive n\u00eb form\u00ebsimin e kandidat\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb. Ky kombinim synon t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb balanc\u00eb midis kontrollit partiak dhe preferencave t\u00eb zgjedh\u00ebsve.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Vota e diaspor\u00ebs dhe transparenca<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, nj\u00eb nga ndryshimet ky\u00e7e t\u00eb fundit ka qen\u00eb mund\u00ebsimi ligjor i vot\u00ebs s\u00eb diaspor\u00ebs, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb mbulimin e kostove postare nga shteti dhe pranin\u00eb e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesve politik\u00eb n\u00eb procesin e num\u00ebrimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb garantuar transparenc\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Italian\u00ebt q\u00eb banojn\u00eb jasht\u00eb vendit kan\u00eb zona t\u00eb dedikuara votimi t\u00eb quajtura \u201cOverseas Constituencies\u201d, t\u00eb ndara mbi baz\u00ebn e kontinenteve, rajone q\u00eb i dedikohen specifikisht zgjedh\u00ebsve italian\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr bot\u00eb. Votimi i tyre realizohet kryesisht n\u00eb ambasada ose konsullatat e shtetit jo n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet post\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. \u00c7far\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta sistemet n\u00eb Itali dhe Shqip\u00ebri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb thelb, t\u00eb dy sistemet nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb pastra: nuk jan\u00eb as proporcional\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, as mazhoritar\u00eb klasik\u00eb. Jan\u00eb kompromise institucionale p\u00ebr t\u00eb balancuar stabilitetin me p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimin.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb dy p\u00ebrdorin proporcionalitetin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb mandateve; t\u00eb dy kan\u00eb pragje zgjedhore q\u00eb filtrojn\u00eb partit\u00eb e vogla; po ashtu t\u00eb dy i japin rol t\u00eb fort\u00eb partive politike, jo individit t\u00eb pavarur.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb dy kan\u00eb rregullim ligjor t\u00eb detajuar p\u00ebr fushat\u00ebn, financimin dhe administrimin, si dhe t\u00eb dy kan\u00eb inkorporuar diaspor\u00ebn si komponent elektoral (Italia prej koh\u00ebsh, Shqip\u00ebria s\u00eb fundmi).<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb terma elektoral\u00eb, t\u00eb dy sistemet jan\u00eb party-centric, jo voter-centric.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Ku ndryshojn\u00eb realisht dy sistemet<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>A) Logjika baz\u00eb e sistemit<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Italia operon me sistem t\u00eb p\u00ebrzier paralel: nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb mandatesh fitohet drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me shumic\u00eb dhe pjesa tjet\u00ebr ndahet proporcionalisht. Shqip\u00ebria operon me proporcional rajonal t\u00eb integruar, pa fitues t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb n\u00eb zon\u00eb uninominale. Praktikisht, n\u00eb Itali mund t\u00eb fitosh mandat edhe n\u00ebse partia nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb dominuese n\u00eb nivel komb\u00ebtar, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, pa parti dhe pa list\u00eb, nuk ekziston si mund\u00ebsi konkrete.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>B) Logjika baz\u00eb e sistemit<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb Itali, koalicioni para zgjedhjeve \u00ebsht\u00eb determinant strategjik. Pa koalicion humben qarqet uninominale dhe, si rrjedhim, pushteti. N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, koalicioni \u00ebsht\u00eb instrument m\u00eb tep\u00ebr aritmetik sesa strukturor. Mandatet llogariten p\u00ebr parti individuale brenda koalicionit. Italia prodhon blloqe politike, nd\u00ebrsa Shqip\u00ebria zakonisht prodhon parti dominuese.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>C) Logjika baz\u00eb e sistemit<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb Itali, koalicioni para zgjedhjeve \u00ebsht\u00eb determinant strategjik. Pa koalicion humben qarqet uninominale dhe, si rrjedhim, pushteti. N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, koalicioni \u00ebsht\u00eb instrument m\u00eb tep\u00ebr aritmetik sesa strukturor. Mandatet llogariten p\u00ebr parti individuale brenda koalicionit. Italia prodhon blloqe politike, nd\u00ebrsa Shqip\u00ebria zakonisht prodhon parti dominuese.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>D) Lista e kandidat\u00ebve<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb Itali listat jan\u00eb t\u00eb mbyllura n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn proporcionale, nd\u00ebrsa kandidati uninominal \u00ebsht\u00eb figura qendrore e gar\u00ebs n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e tij. N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri listat jan\u00eb hibride (e mbyllur + e hapur), t\u00eb krijuara mbi kompromis politik. Shqip\u00ebria simulon hapje p\u00ebrmes vot\u00ebs preferenciale, nd\u00ebrsa Italia e ndan qart\u00eb zon\u00ebn uninominale nga lista proporcionale.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>E) Stabiliteti i qeverisjes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Italia shpesh prodhon parlamente t\u00eb fragmentuara, ku stabiliteti varet nga kohezioni i koalicionit. Shqip\u00ebria zakonisht prodhon shumica t\u00eb forta, ku rreziku nuk vjen nga fragmentimi, por nga centralizimi i pushtetit brenda partis\u00eb fituese.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>6. P\u00ebrmbledhje<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Italia p\u00ebrdor sistemin zgjedhor p\u00ebr t\u00eb negociuar pushtetin, nd\u00ebrsa Shqip\u00ebria e p\u00ebrdor sistemin zgjedhor p\u00ebr ta strukturuar pushtetin n\u00eb favor t\u00eb partis\u00eb fituese. q\u00eb merr nj\u00eb surplus mandatesh, q\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrputhen me numrin real t\u00eb votuesve.<\/p>\n<p>Italia i jep qytetarit nj\u00eb rol m\u00eb aktiv n\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhjen e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesve n\u00eb segmentin mazhoritar, nd\u00ebrsa Shqip\u00ebria i jep qytetarit nj\u00eb rol pjes\u00ebrisht korrigjues p\u00ebrmes vot\u00ebs preferenciale.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse do ta shihnim si model biznesi Italia \u00ebsht\u00eb &#8216;joint-venture&#8217; politike, kurse Shqip\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb holding i centralizuar korporativist n\u00eb form\u00eb piramidale.<\/p>\n<p>Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb dallimi thelb\u00ebsor, teknik, funksional dhe real, pra qytetari shqiptar nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktues n\u00eb zgjedhjen e p\u00ebrfaquesuesve t\u00eb tij n\u00eb Kuvend por ata filtrohen paraprakisht nga partit\u00eb politike dhe sidomos drejtuesit e tyre, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kan\u00eb fjal\u00ebn e fundit n\u00eb renditjen p\u00ebrfundimtare t\u00eb kandidat\u00ebve fitues n\u00eb lista.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nga Alvi Musaraj &nbsp; N\u00eb nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim profesional-ligjor, po jap nj\u00eb krahasim t\u00eb Kodit Zgjedhor n\u00eb Itali me kodin aktual t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, duke u fokusuar n\u00eb llojin e sistemit zgjedhor, p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e listave, t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e p\u00ebrzgjedhjes dhe m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e ndarjes s\u00eb mandateve. &nbsp; 1. P\u00ebrkufizimi i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i sistemeve n\u00eb Itali vs Shqip\u00ebri N\u00eb [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4172,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politike"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4169","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4169"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4169\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4173,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4169\/revisions\/4173"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4172"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4169"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4169"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}