{"id":2589,"date":"2024-08-09T19:51:08","date_gmt":"2024-08-09T19:51:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/?p=2589"},"modified":"2024-11-19T20:29:38","modified_gmt":"2024-11-19T20:29:38","slug":"bjeri-gajdes-fajdexhi-mikrokredite-ne-vende-si-shqiperia-nje-fatalitet-ekonomik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/bjeri-gajdes-fajdexhi-mikrokredite-ne-vende-si-shqiperia-nje-fatalitet-ekonomik\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Bjeri gajdes Fajdexhi\u2019: Mikrokredit\u00eb n\u00eb vende si Shqip\u00ebria, nj\u00eb fatalitet ekonomik"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nga Argita Gjymishka An\u00ebtare e Departamentit BrainGain<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitet e fundit, mikrokredit\u00eb kan\u00eb sh\u00ebrbyer si nj\u00eb mjet i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr shum\u00eb individ\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb financim t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb leht\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, ngjarjet e fundit kan\u00eb treguar se disa institucione financiare kan\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzuar k\u00ebt\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfitime t\u00eb paligjshme, duke krijuar nj\u00eb skandal t\u00eb madh q\u00eb ka prekur mij\u00ebra qytetar\u00eb dhe ka v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje integritetin e sektorit financiar n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. Teksa mikrokredit\u00eb kan\u00eb potencialin p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar n\u00eb zhvillimin ekonomik dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar varf\u00ebrin\u00eb, pasojat e tyre negative n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri jan\u00eb t\u00eb shumta dhe komplekse. Realiteti tregon se ato jan\u00eb m\u00eb af\u00ebr ides\u00eb s\u00eb marrjes t\u00eb borxhit me fajde, se sa af\u00ebr nj\u00eb kredie \u2018normale\u2019. Mir\u00ebpo fajdexhinjt\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast u ran\u00eb gajdeve, derisa ato plas\u00ebn dhe soll\u00ebn situat\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ndodhemi sot. Sipas hetimeve t\u00eb Prokuroris\u00eb s\u00eb Tiran\u00ebs, disa subjekte mikrofinanciare, s\u00eb bashku me disa shoq\u00ebri p\u00ebrmbarimore dhe p\u00ebrmbarues, kan\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb skem\u00eb mashtruese p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfituar nga qytetar\u00ebt. K\u00ebto subjekte kan\u00eb bler\u00eb mij\u00ebra kredi t\u00eb k\u00ebqija dhe t\u00eb pashlyera nga banka t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb dhe kan\u00eb imponuar kredimarr\u00ebsit t\u00eb marrin kredi t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr t\u00eb shlyer ato t\u00eb vjetrat. P\u00ebr t\u00eb shlyer k\u00ebto kredi, kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur taktika shtr\u00ebnguese, duke bllokuar rrogat, pronat dhe makinat e debitor\u00ebve p\u00ebrmes shoq\u00ebrive p\u00ebrmbarimore. P\u00ebr t\u00eb zhbllokuar k\u00ebto asete, debitor\u00ebt jan\u00eb detyruar t\u00eb marrin kredi t\u00eb reja nga i nj\u00ebjti institucion financiar, duke krijuar nj\u00eb cik\u00ebl t\u00eb pafund borxhi dhe detyrimesh.
\nPasojat ekonomike t\u00eb mikrokredive n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri
\nNj\u00eb nga problemet kryesore me mikrokredit\u00eb n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb niveli i lart\u00eb i interesave t\u00eb ngarkuara nga institucionet mikrofinanciare, duke i b\u00ebr\u00eb kredimarr\u00ebsit t\u00eb marrin kredi t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr t\u00eb shlyer t\u00eb vjetrat dhe duke kufizuar aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb kursyer dhe investuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb tjera produktive. Shum\u00eb individ\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin mikrokredit\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbuluar nevojat e p\u00ebrditshme, duke treguar k\u00ebshtu v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb ekonomike dhe munges\u00ebn e nj\u00eb rrjeti t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes sociale dhe ekonomike. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, mungesa e konkurrenc\u00ebs s\u00eb ndershme n\u00eb tregun e mikrofinanc\u00ebs ka \u00e7uar n\u00eb monopolizimin e sektorit nga disa institucione t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, t\u00eb cilat diktojn\u00eb kushtet e kredive dhe interesat. Problemet me pajtueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb ligjore dhe korrupsioni brenda institucioneve mikrofinanciare krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis t\u00eb pasigurt p\u00ebr kredimarr\u00ebsit dhe pengojn\u00eb zhvillimin e nj\u00eb sistemi t\u00eb sh\u00ebndosh\u00eb financiar, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb shum\u00eb individ\u00eb dhe biznese t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb b\u00ebhen t\u00eb varur nga ndihma financiare e jashtme. Kjo var\u00ebsi krijon nj\u00eb mjedis ekonomik t\u00eb pasigurt dhe pengon zhvillimin e q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm.
\nP\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, mikrokredit\u00eb mund t\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb n\u00eb rritjen e pabarazis\u00eb ekonomike, pasi individ\u00ebt q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrballojn\u00eb interesat e larta p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb keqe financiare, nd\u00ebrsa ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb qasje n\u00eb burime t\u00eb tjera financiare p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb. Kjo gjithashtu pengon zhvillimin e bizneseve t\u00eb vogla, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrballen me sfida t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb shlyerjen e kredive dhe mund t\u00eb falimentojn\u00eb, duke rezultuar n\u00eb humbjen e vendeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe nj\u00eb ndikim negativ n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb lokale. P\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur borxhet dhe interesat e larta, shum\u00eb individ\u00eb dhe biznese mund t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb n\u00eb ekonomi informale, duke shmangur taksat dhe detyrimet e tjera ligjore, \u00e7ka e v\u00ebshtir\u00ebson mbledhjen e t\u00eb ardhurave p\u00ebr shtetin dhe rrit rrezikun e abuzimeve dhe shkeljeve t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve. Nj\u00eb rol shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm luan edhe Banka e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, e cila ka p\u00ebr detyr\u00eb t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyrjen dhe rregullimin e institucioneve mikrofinanciare p\u00ebr t\u00eb garantuar q\u00eb ato operojn\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me ligjin dhe standardet etike. Gjithashtu, ajo duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur interesat e kredimarr\u00ebsve dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur stabilitetin e sistemit financiar n\u00eb vend.
\nMikrokredit\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb bot\u00ebs kan\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb mjet i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr zhvillimin ekonomik. P\u00ebr shembull, Grameen Bank n\u00eb Bangladesh, e krijuar nga Muhammad Yunus, ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb miliarda dollar\u00eb n\u00eb kredi t\u00eb vogla p\u00ebr t\u00eb varfrit, duke ndihmuar miliona njer\u00ebz t\u00eb dalin nga varf\u00ebria. Megjithat\u00eb, edhe k\u00ebtu, hyrja e bankave dhe investitor\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj n\u00eb treg ka \u00e7uar n\u00eb probleme, me shum\u00eb kredimarr\u00ebs q\u00eb p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb t\u00eb zhytur n\u00eb borxhe.
\nStudimi mbi rregullimin e mikrokredive n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb
\nRaporti i grupit ekspert mbi rregullimin e mikrokredive n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, i cili p\u00ebrfshin 26 ekspert\u00eb nga 20 vende an\u00ebtare dhe Turqia, thekson se n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb vet\u00ebm dy vende, Franca dhe Rumania, kan\u00eb legjislacion specifik p\u00ebr mikrokredit\u00eb. N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e vendeve t\u00eb tjera, mikrokredit\u00eb rregullohen n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb ligjeve q\u00eb mbulojn\u00eb institucionet q\u00eb e ofrojn\u00eb at\u00eb, kryesisht banka dhe jo-banka. P\u00ebr bankat, rregullimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i qart\u00eb dhe i harmonizuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb nga ligji bankar evropian, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr jo-bankat, qasja rregullatore ndryshon nga vendi n\u00eb vend.
\nEkspert\u00ebt sugjerojn\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebr modelin bankar nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq shum\u00eb rregullimi q\u00eb pengon ofrimin e mikrokredive, por risku dhe kostot. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb model, bashk\u00ebpunimi m\u00eb i ngusht\u00eb me sh\u00ebrbimet ekzistuese t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb biznesit mund t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb uljen e kostove dhe n\u00eb rritjen e mund\u00ebsive p\u00ebr mbijetes\u00eb afatgjat\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeve, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr fillestar\u00ebt.
\nPropozime p\u00ebr krijimin e nj\u00eb mjedisi favorizues p\u00ebr mikrokredit\u00eb
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb adresuar problemet e krijuara nga skandali i mikrokredive n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar situata t\u00eb ngjashme n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb mjedis favorizues p\u00ebr to. Kjo p\u00ebrfshin:
\nMb\u00ebshtetje shtet\u00ebrore dhe private: Ofrimi i skemave t\u00eb garancis\u00eb dhe fondeve t\u00eb posa\u00e7me p\u00ebr mikrokredit\u00eb, ashtu si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs, mund t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb ndarjen e riskut dhe n\u00eb sigurimin e kapitalit p\u00ebr institucionet mikrofinanciare.
\nInkurajimi i investimeve: P\u00ebrdorimi i stimujve tatimor\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb inkurajuar investimet n\u00eb sektorin e mikrofinanc\u00ebs, ashtu si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb Irland\u00eb dhe Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Bashkuar, mund t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb sigurimin e burimeve t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr mikrokredit\u00eb.
\nLegjislacioni dhe mbik\u00ebqyrja e p\u00ebrshtatshme: Krijimi i nj\u00eb kornize ligjore dhe rregullatore q\u00eb mund\u00ebson funksionimin e nj\u00eb game t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb ofruesve t\u00eb mikrokredive, do t\u00eb ndihmonte n\u00eb sigurimin e mbrojtjes s\u00eb konsumator\u00ebve dhe n\u00eb nxitjen e konkurrenc\u00ebs s\u00eb drejt\u00eb.
\nRritja e transparenc\u00ebs dhe mbrojtjes s\u00eb konsumatorit: Institucionet mikrofinanciare duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb detyrime t\u00eb qarta p\u00ebr t\u00eb informuar kredimarr\u00ebsit p\u00ebr termat dhe kushtet e kredive, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb normat e interesit, tarifat dhe detyrimet e tjera. Kjo do t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb parandalimin e keqinformimit dhe mashtrimeve.
\nEdukimi i vazhduesh\u00ebm i kredimarr\u00ebsve: Fushatat p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsimin e qytetar\u00ebve mbi rreziqet dhe p\u00ebrfitimet e mikrokredive, si dhe p\u00ebr menaxhimin e borxhit dhe planifikimin financiar, jan\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb marrin vendime t\u00eb informuara dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegjshme financiare.
\nMekanizma t\u00eb qarta p\u00ebr ankesat dhe ndihm\u00ebn ligjore: Krijimi i zyrave ose qendrave t\u00eb posa\u00e7me p\u00ebr trajtimin e ankesave dhe ofrimin e ndihm\u00ebs ligjore p\u00ebr qytetar\u00ebt q\u00eb p\u00ebrballen me probleme me mikrokredit\u00eb do t\u00eb ndihmonte n\u00eb rritjen e besimit t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve n\u00eb sistemin financiar.
\nN\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim, ndon\u00ebse mikrokredit\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb nj\u00eb mjet i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr zhvillimin ekonomik dhe ndihm\u00ebn financiare, skandalet dhe abuzimet e fundit n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri kan\u00eb treguar nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr nj\u00eb rregullim dhe mbik\u00ebqyrje m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij sektori. P\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur qytetar\u00ebt dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar q\u00eb mikrokredit\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb dhe etike, \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmerren masa konkrete dhe t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha pal\u00ebt e interesuara.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Argita Gjymishka An\u00ebtare e Departamentit BrainGain N\u00eb vitet e fundit, mikrokredit\u00eb kan\u00eb sh\u00ebrbyer si nj\u00eb mjet i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr shum\u00eb individ\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb financim t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb leht\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, ngjarjet e fundit kan\u00eb treguar se disa institucione financiare kan\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzuar k\u00ebt\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfitime t\u00eb paligjshme, duke krijuar nj\u00eb skandal t\u00eb madh q\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2167,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2589","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2589","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2589"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2589\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2590,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2589\/revisions\/2590"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2589"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/braingain.pd.al\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}